Why are Firms Hierarchical?

Firms are hierarchical because hierarchy facilitates both monitoring and control. Monitoring is readily explained in terms of agency costs, but control is not. Control relations between superiors and subordinates emerge naturally only when the superior has decisive information and the subordinate does not. When decisiveness does not naturally occur, it may nevertheless be imposed in order to reduce communication costs. The degree of decisiveness reflects the pattern of volatility in the firm's environment. The theory connects the volatility of the environment to the degree of hierarchy in the organisation. Recent changes in volatility can be used to explain contemporary demands for flatter organizational structures.     

基于分数维随机利率的分数跳-扩散外汇期权定价

假设利率为分数维随机利率,外汇汇率服从分数跳一扩散过程,并且波动率为常数,期望收益率为时间的非随机函数,本文利用保险精算方法,得出了看涨、看跌外汇欧武期权的一般定价公式,并建立了平价公式。     

区域战略性新兴产业选择研究

本文重点关注＂区域性、战略性和新兴性＂三个特征,区域战略性新兴产业选择应坚持国家意志与区域特征相结合、定量分析与定性分析相结合、增长潜力与关联带动相结合以及技术创新与持续发展相结合的四个原则。基于以上原则,构建出＂区域战略性新兴产业选择五力模型＂,即包含产业惯性力、产业发展力、产业带动力、产业创新力和产业持续力的＂五力＂因素,具体分解出包括14个指标的选择指标体系。依据以上选择指标体系,本文综合运用层次分析法（AHP）和Del-phi法,建立起一个主客观方法相结合的区域战略性新兴产业选择模型。     

基于多层次灰色评价法的绿色物流效果评价研究

随着现代物流快速发展,一些企业开始尝试从物流某些环节的单项技术入手实施绿色物流,但目前关于企业绿色物流效果评价的研究尚处于理论阶段,缺乏科学合理的指标对相关实践进行指导。因此,有必要构建相对完整的绿色物流效果评价指标体系,结合灰色评价与层次分析法,对企业绿色物流实施效果进行了评价。     

财政科技创新项目绩效审计评价指标设计及应用

财政项目支出绩效审计是政府绩效审计的重要内容,如何构建合理的绩效审计评价指标并运用科学的评价方法是获得客观的审计结论的重要前提。本文分析了绩效审计评价指标体系的构建原则,在此基础上构建了一项财政科技创新项目的绩效审计评价指标,并采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对该项目进行绩效审计评价,将定性评价的指标演算为量化的评价结论。最后,在结论部分,对模糊层次分析法在绩效审计评价中的运用进行了总结。     

辱虐管理对矿工不安全行为的影响研究

基于煤矿基层管理者的工作行为与矿工工作行为有重要关联性,重点探讨基层管理者的负向管理方式,即:辱虐管理对矿工不安全行为的影响.利用问卷调查获取数据,并且认为组织公平在辱虐管理与矿工不安全行为的影响中具有中介效应来加以分析.实证分析表明:煤矿基层管理者的辱虐管理对矿工的不服从安全行为和不参与安全行为均有显著的正向影响;应用层次回归分析法验证组织公平中的分配公平、程序公平和互动公平这三个维度均在辱虐管理和矿工的不服从安全行为和不参与安全行为中起部分中介作用.研究结果证实了中国背景下辱虐管理对矿工工作行为的破坏性作用.     

小型团队领导者过程绩效测量量表研究

工作绩效可区分为最终绩效、周边绩效和过程绩效.工作绩效存在累积过程,最终绩效是由过程绩效和周边绩效累积而成的,对过程绩效的测量是工作绩效测评的一个重要方面.过程绩效是个体或团体在形成最终的工作成果之前所取得的、符合服务对象要求的阶段性工作成果.小型团队领导者的过程绩效是通过下属的阶段性成果间接体现出来的,需要特殊的测量工具.本研究探讨了小型团队领导者管理工作的特点,对其工作结构进行了分解,并构建了相应的测量量表,量表由任务管理和团队管理两个分量表组成.本研究采用Cronbachα系数法进行信度分析,采用相关系数法检验校标效度,采用肯证式因子分析检验量表的结构效度,检验结果表明小型团队领导者过程绩效量表具有良好的信效度.该量表可作为小型团队领导者工作绩效测评的工具,并可进一步应用于小型团队领导者的选拔、培养和绩效改进.     

Corporate social responsibility programs choice and costs assessment in the airline industry—A hybrid model

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has taken an increasingly important role in business. Here we develop a technique for operationalizing CSR programs for air transportation within the context of limited physical resources. A hybrid model for selection and costs assessment is proposed to address inter-relationships among CSR criteria using trial and evaluation laboratory methods, analytical network processes and zero–one goal programming. The activity-based costing approach is applied to estimate costs of the chosen programs and an example looking at China Airlines is presented.     

Multi-criteria analysis of economic complexity transition in emerging economies: The case of Paraguay

Like many emerging economies, the productive structure of the Paraguayan economy is not complex. It relies extensively on low value-added activities in the primary sector such as agriculture and cattle ranching. These activities have a lower return in terms of economic and social benefits than other potential productive activities and do not contribute to increasing capability accumulation. In this paper we present a tool to support the identification of strategic sectors and products which if taken advantage of, could leverage development through the accumulation of productive capabilities. Our guiding question is: Which productive sectors should be promoted to foster economic development in Paraguay through a transition towards a more complex economy? To answer this question, we use concepts from the Economic Complexity theory to identify new products and cluster them based on the Product Space methodology for the determination of potential products and combine it with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for multicriteria analysis considering multiple criteria. In doing so, our proposed methodology contributes to both the Economic Complexity and the AHP literature. Through this combination, we tackle the multiplicity of juxtaposed criteria, which should be considered at the prioritization stage in the crafting of economic restructuring measures according to the country's capabilities. Our evaluation showed that the combination of the approaches is useful, and for Paraguay's case, it helped identify sectors, which, if promoted by policymakers, could help boost economic development through complexity and capability accumulation.     

颠覆性创新四阶段扩散过程模型

基于颠覆性创新、创新扩散、创新模糊前端等相关理论，从全流程角度创新性地构建了颠覆性创新四阶段扩散过程模型，包括颠覆性创意产生、颠覆性创新产品开发、侵蚀非主流市场、占据主流市场4个阶段，各阶段之间相互关联、循环往复，并受到技术、市场、政策、竞争等外部环境因素影响。选取液晶电视机和山寨手机作为高端和低端两个颠覆性创新典型案例，通过对其进行验证性分析，构建具体的高端与低端颠覆性创新四阶段扩散过程模型。